Add these vectors algebraically:
A: 350 N @ -50 degrees;
B: 400 N @ 20 degrees S of W;
C: 600 N @ 80 degrees N of W.
The step-by-step approach:
Step 1: Create a data table in which you will list the x- and y- components of each vector and the direction of each, using a positive or negative sign to indicate the direction of the component. I will place a + and a - sign in each box to remind myself that I must give each component its proper direction. If I simply make everything positive, I might as well not even do this assignment. In this case, we have three vectors, so I need a table that has five rows and three columns:
Vector | x-component | y-component |
A | + or - | + or - |
B | + or - | + or - |
C | + or - | + or - |
Resultant (A+B+C) |
Step 2: Draw an x-y coordinate system and define your directions. I will call up positive, and to the right positive:
Step 3: Sketch each vector individually (not to scale) and sketch the x- and y- components so you can immediately determine their directions and fill in the proper direction in the data table, even before you fill in the magnitude of each component.
Vector A: Negative 50º is a 4th quadrant vector:
I can now see that the x-component goes to the right (positive) and the y-component goes down (negative). I fill in those directions in my data table for the A components:
Vector | x-component | y-component |
A | + | - |
B | + or - | + or - |
C | + or - | + or - |
Resultant (A+B+C) |
Vector B: 20º S of W is a 3rd quadrant vector:
I see the x-component goes to the left (negative) and the y-component goes down (negative). I fill in those directions in the table for the B vector:
Vector | x-component | y-component |
A | + | - |
B | - | - |
C | + or - | + or - |
Resultant (A+B+C) |
Vector C: 80º N of W is a 2nd quadrant vector:
I see the x-component goes to the left (negative) and the y-component goes up (positive). I fill in the table:
Vector | x-component | y-component |
A | + | - |
B | - | - |
C | - | + |
Resultant (A+B+C) |
Step 4: Use trigonometry to find the components. We will use Ax = Acosθ and Ay = Asinθ . I will then write those values for the x- and y- components in their proper place in the table.
Ax = 350 cos(50) = 225 N
Ay = 350 sin(50) = 268.1 N
Bx = 400 cos(20) = 375.9 N
By = 400 sin(20) = 136.8 N
Cx = 600 cos(80) = 104.2 N
Cy = 600 sin(80) = 590.9
Vector | x-component | y-component |
A | + 225 | -268.1 |
B | -375.9 | -136.8 |
C | -104.2 | + 590.9 |
Resultant (A+B+C) |
Step 5: Add all the x-components to get Rx , the x-component of the Resultant. Add all the y-components to get Ry , the y-component of the Resultant.
Vector | x-component | y-component |
A | + 225 | -268.1 |
B | -375.9 | -136.8 |
C | -104.2 | + 590.9 |
Resultant (A+B+C) | -255.1 | +186 |
Step 6: You now have Rx = -255.1 and Ry = +186. Sketch those components head-to-tail, and draw the Resultant:
Step 7: Use Pythagorean Theorem to find the Resultant: R = √(Rx2 + Ry2 ) = 315.7.
Step 8: Use inverse tangent to find the angle: θ = tan-1 (Ry / Rx ) = tan-1 (186/255.1) = 36.1º. But this approach only gives me the angle in degrees. I must now make sure I indicate what quadrant the Resultant is in by adding some notation to indicate where I measured the angle, in this case above the negative x-axis. I do this by describing the direction of the Resultant as 36.1º, north of west, or N of W.
Step
9: Make sure you report the full information about the Resultant,
including its magnitude and direction.
The answer here is 315.7 Newtons, @
36.1º N of W.